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npj Heritage Science, a sub-journal on cultural heritage of international journal Nature, has published significant research findings on the lacquered gauze cap excavated from Han Tomb M59 in Lianying village, Yizheng, a county-level city of Yangzhou.
Han Tombs M58 and M59 in Lianying village, Yangzhou. [Photo/WeChat account: YZDaily]
Unlike previous studies that mainly focused on the shape and weaving methods of such headwear, this study, jointly conducted by Hubei University, Tsinghua University, Yangzhou Museum, Yizheng Museum, and the Palace Museum, takes a closer look at the materials and techniques using a variety of scientific methods.
Microscope images reveal the surface and weave of the lacquered gauze. [Photo/WeChat account: YZDaily]
The findings show that the cap was woven from threads only about 0.3 millimeters thick, with a high density of roughly 12×14 strands per square centimeter.
The weaving technique is quite unique. Threads were arranged in groups of two, forming units of four that cross and intertwine, creating a flexible mesh structure.
Cross-section images reveal that the gauze consists of an inner fabric layer coated with an outer layer of lacquer. Most of the fibers closely resemble those of modern ramie, suggesting the fabric was made from ramie fibers.
Experts also confirmed that the surface was coated with raw lacquer mixed with linseed oil, a clever addition that improved the lacquer's flexibility and shine.
This research provides important scientific evidence for the study of textile and lacquer techniques dating back to the Han Dynasty (206 BC-AD 220) and also lays a scientific foundation for the restoration of related crafts and the protection and repair of cultural relics.
